NHS England has temporarily halted new prescriptions of cross-sex hormones for 16 and 17-year-olds experiencing gender dysphoria while it reviews the evidence surrounding the treatment. The decision follows concerns raised in recent research suggesting that existing studies on the benefits and risks of the medication for young people are limited and inconclusive.

Cross-sex hormones, such as testosterone and oestrogen, are used to help individuals develop physical traits that align more closely with their gender identity rather than their biological sex. These treatments can cause long-term or irreversible physical changes, including voice deepening or breast development. Under the updated position, teenagers who are already receiving the medication will continue their treatment, although clinicians have been asked to reassess their care plans.

The pause comes after an extensive review commissioned by NHS England examined available research on the impact of these hormones on young people’s wellbeing, including mental health and quality of life. The findings suggested that the current evidence base is not strong enough to determine whether the treatment is clearly beneficial or potentially harmful for patients under the age of 18. As a result, the health service will consult with medical professionals, advocacy organisations and the public before deciding on long-term guidance.

Reactions to the move have been mixed. Some advocacy groups have criticised the decision and suggested legal action may be considered, while others have welcomed a cautious approach, arguing that further research is necessary before prescribing treatments with potentially permanent effects to young people.