Research from the Education Policy Institute (EPI) shows children from low-income families are missing more school and falling further behind. The study found that by 16, disadvantaged pupils are up to 19 months behind their peers. Education Secretary Bridget Phillipson told BBC Panorama that the pandemic had caused a "serious and profound shift" in attitudes to attendance, with lockdowns leaving a lasting impact on education.

Persistent absence rates among primary pupils in England have nearly doubled since Covid, with 15% missing at least one in ten school days. The education gap, which had been narrowing before the pandemic, is widening again. EPI analysis suggests equalising attendance could reduce the GCSE gap from 19 to 15 months. Natalie Perera from EPI stressed the link between attendance and achievement, calling for more research into why poorer children miss more school.

Experts cite poor housing and mental health as key factors. Teachers report many young pupils have delayed speech, weaker social skills, and struggle with basic learning behaviours. Professor Catherine Davies from the University of Leeds warned that many missed out on crucial early development. Intervention programmes, like those at Queen’s Drive Primary in Preston, are helping young children catch up.

The government aims for 75% of children to reach a good level of development by reception by 2028, up from 68%. However, long-term effects on attendance and attitudes remain a challenge. The Nuffield Early Language Intervention (NELI) programme is funded only until this school year, with no confirmation of future support. Phillipson stressed the importance of ensuring children get the help they need to thrive.